Dorothy Hodgkin 1910-1994 Awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry Dorothy Hodgkin work on critical discoveries of the structure of both penicillin and later insulin. These discoveries led to significant improvements in health care. An outstanding chemist Dorothy also devoted a large section of her life to the peace movement and promoting nuclear disarmament. She developed the technique of protein crystallography and confirmed the structure of penicillin and vitamin B12. She was the second woman to win a Nobel prize, with Florence Nightingale being the first.