Parallelism is when a pattern is repeated over and over again to add emphasis to a particular idea.
To add emphasis sometimes people simply make the sentence exclamatory. When you read an exclamation point consider that the author has really put it in to draw your attention and require you to listen.
Logos is when a person uses reasoning to try and persuade someone. Usually this involves using a logical reasoning of some sort.
Pathos is when someone appeals to someone's emotions. Throughout the speeches seen in the American revolution, pathos pays a key role.
Ethos is when a person uses logic to try to persuade people. This is when the speaker will give credibility to his position.
Transcendentalists believed that a perfect world was possible. The term for a perfect world is utopia.
Tenets are the basic rules or a beliefs that a group follows. For transcendentalists this includes: being true to yourself, and being one with nature.
Pantheism is the belief that the universe (or nature as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity.